Bacterial cGAS senses viral RNA and initiates immune defense

No organism on Earth is immune to threats, including bacteria. A class of predatory viruses called phages is one of bacteria's worst enemies, invading the bacterium's interior to replicate and ultimately causing it to lyse. And while bacteria have evolved a range of strategies to combat phage invasions, how they detect these invaders in the first place has been a mystery.

Recently, Luciano Marraffini's team at Rockefeller University published a research paper in the journal Nature titled "Bacterial cGAS senses a viral RNA to initiate immunity".

Probiotic micro organism in tumors, shown to enhance cancer immunotherapy efficacy

The human body carries a far greater number of symbiotic microorganisms than we can imagine. Cells are the basic units that make up the human body, and the total number of cells in an adult is on the order of tens of trillions. However, the gut flora, which is symbiotic with the human intestinal tract, is ten times the number of cells in the body, and its composition is quite complex, with roughly 500 to 1,000 different species of bacteria in each individual's body.

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Premature pancreatic beta cell failure may ease diabetes

The maintenance of homeostasis by cells and organisms under stressful conditions is achieved through the activation of a highly conserved cellular stress response. Adaptive stress responses respond to stimuli and restore cellular homeostasis through a network of signaling mechanisms, but sustained and/or excessive stress responses can be harmful and even lead to apoptosis. Cellular stress usually affects multiple organelles simultaneously, triggering multiple stress responses.

Premature pancreatic beta cell failure may ease diabetes

The maintenance of homeostasis by cells and organisms under stressful conditions is achieved through the activation of a highly conserved cellular stress response. Adaptive stress responses respond to stimuli and restore cellular homeostasis through a network of signaling mechanisms, but sustained and/or excessive stress responses can be harmful and even lead to apoptosis. Cellular stress usually affects multiple organelles simultaneously, triggering multiple stress responses.

"Good cholesterol" has a bad side

Cholesterol consists of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). High levels of LDL-C cause cholesterol to be deposited on the walls of blood vessels, which can lead to cardiovascular disease. HDL-C is also known as "good cholesterol" because it protects blood vessels, prevents the deposition of LDL-C on blood vessel walls, and reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease.

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