Difference between verification and validation in software testing

software testing, two essential processes help ensure software quality: verification and validation. Although these terms are often used interchangeably, they represent different phases of testing with unique goals.
What is Verification?
Verification is a static process used to confirm that the product is being built correctly. It involves reviewing documents, design, and code to ensure the software meets specified requirements.

Conducted without executing the code

Involves activities such as inspections, reviews, and walkthroughs

Helps identify issues early in the development process

Example: Reviewing a requirements document to ensure all functionalities are properly documented.

What is Validation?
Validation is a dynamic process used to confirm that the developed product meets the actual needs of the end user. This involves executing the code and evaluating the software behavior.

Conducted by running the application

Involves activities such as functional, system, and user acceptance testing

Ensures the product functions as expected in real scenarios

Example: Testing the login functionality to ensure users can successfully sign in with valid credentials.

Quick Comparison Table
Aspect Verification Validation
Type Static process Dynamic process
Purpose Are we building the product right? Are we building the right product?
Activity Document and code reviews Functional and system testing
Execution No code execution involved Code execution required
Timing During development After development
Conclusion
Both verification and validation are crucial for delivering a high-quality software product. While verification ensures the development process aligns with the requirements, validation ensures the final product meets user expectations.
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