Penile Venous Insufficiency: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Advanced Treatment Options
Penile venous insufficiency (PVI), also known as venogenic erectile dysfunction, is a vascular disorder that impairs the ability of the penis to achieve or maintain an erection. Unlike erectile dysfunction caused by hormonal imbalances, psychological factors, or arterial insufficiency, PVI is primarily due to inadequate venous occlusion, which results in the premature leakage of blood from the penis during sexual arousal.