History of Western philosophy
The metaphysical error comes from the assumption that "all men" is the subject of "all men are dead" and that "Socrates" is the subject of "Socrates is dead", both of which have the same meaning. It makes it possible to think that, in a sense, "all men" refers to a whole of the same kind as "Socrates". This led Aristotle to say that kind is, in a sense, substance. Aristotle was careful to qualify this statement, but his disciples, especially Puebli, were not so careful. Because of this mistake, Aristotle fell into another kind of mistake.